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Dhammakaya Movement UK
The Dhammakaya Movement is one distinct tradition of Thai Buddhism that has had a pioneering role in establing Buddhist practice in England since 1954.
== Origins ==
The Dhammakaya Tradition has been known as a specific lineage of Thai Buddhism in Britain since Ţhitavedo visited in October 1953.〔Terry Shine (2002) ''Honour Thy Fathers'' (Wembley:self-published), p.84〕 His protégé William Purfurst (aka Kapilavaḍḍho Bhikkhu, Richard Randall)(1906–71) travelled to Thailand with Ṭhitavedo as a novice in March 1954 and took higher ordination at Wat Paknam Bhasicharoen, the first European to ordain in Thailand. As the result of subsequent training with Phramongkolthepmuni he claimed to have attained Dhammakaya〔Rawlinson, A. (1994) The Transmission of Theravada Buddhism to the West, in: P. Masefield & D. Wiebe (Eds) ''Aspects of Religion: Essays in Honour of Ninian Smart'' (New York, Lang), p.360.〕 and returning to England on 12 November 1954, visiting London and Manchester and founding the English Sangha Trust in July 1955.〔Oliver, I. (1979) ''Buddhism in Britain'' (London, Rider & Company), p.102.〕〔Snelling, J. (1987) ''The Buddhist Handbook: A Complete Guide to Buddhist Teaching, Practice, History, and Schools'' (London, Rider), p.262.〕 Three disciples travelled with Kapilavaḍḍho to Thailand on 30 December 1955 and took higher ordination at Wat Paknam on 27 January 1956. These ordinands were Peter Morgan (aka Paññavaḍḍho Bhikkhu), Robert Albison (aka Saddhāvaḍḍho Bhikkhu) and George Blake (aka Vijjāvaḍḍho Bhikkhu). After some time, all four bhikkhus moved to Wat That Thong, Sukhumvit Road,〔Terry Shine (2002) ''Honour Thy Fathers'' (Wembley:self-published), 119pp. available online at http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/honourfathers.pdf〕 from which time onwards Kapilavaḍḍho and all his subsequent disciples appear to have practised a more eclectic form of Buddhism.〔Waterhouse, H. (1997) ''Buddhism in Bath: Adaptation and Authority'' (Leeds, University of Leeds), p.73〕 Ananda Bodhi (aka Leslie Dawson, Namgyal Rinpoche), who may have met Paññavaḍḍho in the period 1956-61, went to Wat Paknam for training in the period 1963-4 and returned to England to teach the Dhammakaya method in April 1964 at Biddulph Old Hall,〔Terry Shine (2002) ''Honour Thy Fathers'' (Wembley:self-published), p.89〕 but by August 1964 had changed to teach Burmese Insight meditation.〔Sangharakshita (2003) ''Moving Against the Stream: The Birth of a New Buddhist Movement'' (Windhorse, Birmingham), p.60〕 Remnants of Dhammakaya teaching were perpetuated by Acharn Kaew Potikanok's (1926–86) student Fuengsin (née Sarayutpitak) Trafford (1936–95) who practised Dhammakaya meditation until her death. She claims to have fulfilled a prophecy Kaew Potikanok made 15 years earlier that she would spread Buddhism in England, having taught meditation from c.1975 at Birmingham Buddhist Vihara to children on Sundays and English adults each Monday. She also edited the newsletter ''Children & Dharma'' for that temple. She taught Buddhism and meditation in various mainstream schools, colleges, universities and prisons. In 1984, Sister Dr. Mary Hall (1928–2008) invited her to teach Buddhism in the Multi-Faith Centre, Harborne Hall, Birmingham and to graduate groups. She was nominated Buddhist Prison Chaplain by the British Home Office in 1986.〔''Anusorn dae Acharn Kaew Potikanok'' (Volume to Acharn Kaew Potikanok - printed on occasion of his cremation ) (1986), pp 15-16 (''translated from the Thai'')〕 She also taught as part of Religious Education in schools such as King Edward VI College, Stourbridge, under the direction of Alan Keightley.〔pers. comm. Paul Trafford (2009)〕
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